rcgen/

key_pair.rs

#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
use std::fmt;

#[cfg(all(feature = "aws_lc_rs_unstable", not(feature = "fips")))]
use aws_lc_rs::unstable::signature::PqdsaKeyPair;
#[cfg(feature = "pem")]
use pem::Pem;
#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
use pki_types::{PrivateKeyDer, PrivatePkcs8KeyDer};
use yasna::{DERWriter, DERWriterSeq};

#[cfg(any(feature = "crypto", feature = "pem"))]
use crate::error::ExternalError;
#[cfg(all(feature = "crypto", feature = "aws_lc_rs"))]
use crate::ring_like::ecdsa_from_private_key_der;
#[cfg(all(feature = "crypto", feature = "aws_lc_rs"))]
use crate::ring_like::rsa::KeySize;
#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
use crate::ring_like::{
	error as ring_error,
	rand::SystemRandom,
	signature::{
		self, EcdsaKeyPair, Ed25519KeyPair, KeyPair as RingKeyPair, RsaEncoding, RsaKeyPair,
	},
	{ecdsa_from_pkcs8, rsa_key_pair_public_modulus_len},
};
use crate::sign_algo::SignatureAlgorithm;
#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
use crate::sign_algo::{algo::*, SignAlgo};
use crate::Error;
#[cfg(feature = "pem")]
use crate::ENCODE_CONFIG;

/// A key pair variant
#[allow(clippy::large_enum_variant)]
#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
pub(crate) enum KeyPairKind {
	/// A Ecdsa key pair
	Ec(EcdsaKeyPair),
	/// A Ed25519 key pair
	Ed(Ed25519KeyPair),
	/// A Pqdsa key pair
	#[cfg(all(feature = "aws_lc_rs_unstable", not(feature = "fips")))]
	Pq(PqdsaKeyPair),
	/// A RSA key pair
	Rsa(RsaKeyPair, &'static dyn RsaEncoding),
}

#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
impl fmt::Debug for KeyPairKind {
	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
		match self {
			Self::Ec(key_pair) => write!(f, "{key_pair:?}"),
			Self::Ed(key_pair) => write!(f, "{key_pair:?}"),
			#[cfg(all(feature = "aws_lc_rs_unstable", not(feature = "fips")))]
			Self::Pq(key_pair) => write!(f, "{key_pair:?}"),
			Self::Rsa(key_pair, _) => write!(f, "{key_pair:?}"),
		}
	}
}

/// A key pair used to sign certificates and CSRs
#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
pub struct KeyPair {
	pub(crate) kind: KeyPairKind,
	pub(crate) alg: &'static SignatureAlgorithm,
	pub(crate) serialized_der: Vec<u8>,
}

#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
impl fmt::Debug for KeyPair {
	fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
		f.debug_struct("KeyPair")
			.field("kind", &self.kind)
			.field("alg", &self.alg)
			.field("serialized_der", &"[secret key elided]")
			.finish()
	}
}

#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
impl KeyPair {
	/// Generate a new random [`PKCS_ECDSA_P256_SHA256`] key pair
	#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
	pub fn generate() -> Result<Self, Error> {
		Self::generate_for(&PKCS_ECDSA_P256_SHA256)
	}

	/// Generate a new random key pair for the specified signature algorithm
	///
	/// If you're not sure which algorithm to use, [`PKCS_ECDSA_P256_SHA256`] is a good choice.
	/// If passed an RSA signature algorithm, it depends on the backend whether we return
	/// a generated key or an error for key generation being unavailable.
	/// Currently, only `aws-lc-rs` supports RSA key generation.
	#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
	pub fn generate_for(alg: &'static SignatureAlgorithm) -> Result<Self, Error> {
		let rng = &SystemRandom::new();

		match alg.sign_alg {
			SignAlgo::EcDsa(sign_alg) => {
				let key_pair_doc = EcdsaKeyPair::generate_pkcs8(sign_alg, rng)._err()?;
				let key_pair_serialized = key_pair_doc.as_ref().to_vec();

				let key_pair = ecdsa_from_pkcs8(sign_alg, key_pair_doc.as_ref(), rng).unwrap();
				Ok(KeyPair {
					kind: KeyPairKind::Ec(key_pair),
					alg,
					serialized_der: key_pair_serialized,
				})
			},
			SignAlgo::EdDsa(_sign_alg) => {
				let key_pair_doc = Ed25519KeyPair::generate_pkcs8(rng)._err()?;
				let key_pair_serialized = key_pair_doc.as_ref().to_vec();

				let key_pair = Ed25519KeyPair::from_pkcs8(key_pair_doc.as_ref()).unwrap();
				Ok(KeyPair {
					kind: KeyPairKind::Ed(key_pair),
					alg,
					serialized_der: key_pair_serialized,
				})
			},
			#[cfg(all(feature = "aws_lc_rs_unstable", not(feature = "fips")))]
			SignAlgo::PqDsa(sign_alg) => {
				let key_pair = PqdsaKeyPair::generate(sign_alg)._err()?;
				let key_pair_serialized = key_pair.to_pkcs8()._err()?.as_ref().to_vec();

				Ok(KeyPair {
					kind: KeyPairKind::Pq(key_pair),
					alg,
					serialized_der: key_pair_serialized,
				})
			},
			#[cfg(feature = "aws_lc_rs")]
			SignAlgo::Rsa(sign_alg) => Self::generate_rsa_inner(alg, sign_alg, KeySize::Rsa2048),
			// Ring doesn't have RSA key generation yet:
			// https://github.com/briansmith/ring/issues/219
			// https://github.com/briansmith/ring/pull/733
			#[cfg(all(feature = "ring", not(feature = "aws_lc_rs")))]
			SignAlgo::Rsa(_sign_alg) => Err(Error::KeyGenerationUnavailable),
		}
	}

	/// Generates a new random RSA key pair for the specified key size
	///
	/// If passed a signature algorithm that is not RSA, it will return
	/// [`Error::KeyGenerationUnavailable`].
	#[cfg(all(feature = "crypto", feature = "aws_lc_rs"))]
	pub fn generate_rsa_for(
		alg: &'static SignatureAlgorithm,
		key_size: RsaKeySize,
	) -> Result<Self, Error> {
		match alg.sign_alg {
			SignAlgo::Rsa(sign_alg) => {
				let key_size = match key_size {
					RsaKeySize::_2048 => KeySize::Rsa2048,
					RsaKeySize::_3072 => KeySize::Rsa3072,
					RsaKeySize::_4096 => KeySize::Rsa4096,
				};
				Self::generate_rsa_inner(alg, sign_alg, key_size)
			},
			_ => Err(Error::KeyGenerationUnavailable),
		}
	}

	#[cfg(all(feature = "crypto", feature = "aws_lc_rs"))]
	fn generate_rsa_inner(
		alg: &'static SignatureAlgorithm,
		sign_alg: &'static dyn RsaEncoding,
		key_size: KeySize,
	) -> Result<Self, Error> {
		use aws_lc_rs::encoding::AsDer;
		let key_pair = RsaKeyPair::generate(key_size)._err()?;
		let key_pair_serialized = key_pair.as_der()._err()?.as_ref().to_vec();

		Ok(KeyPair {
			kind: KeyPairKind::Rsa(key_pair, sign_alg),
			alg,
			serialized_der: key_pair_serialized,
		})
	}

	/// Returns the key pair's signature algorithm
	pub fn algorithm(&self) -> &'static SignatureAlgorithm {
		self.alg
	}

	/// Parses the key pair from the ASCII PEM format
	///
	/// If `aws_lc_rs` feature is used, then the key must be a DER-encoded plaintext private key; as specified in PKCS #8/RFC 5958, SEC1/RFC 5915, or PKCS#1/RFC 3447;
	/// Appears as "PRIVATE KEY", "RSA PRIVATE KEY", or "EC PRIVATE KEY" in PEM files.
	///
	/// Otherwise if the `ring` feature is used, then the key must be a DER-encoded plaintext private key; as specified in PKCS #8/RFC 5958;
	/// Appears as "PRIVATE KEY" in PEM files.
	#[cfg(all(feature = "pem", feature = "crypto"))]
	pub fn from_pem(pem_str: &str) -> Result<Self, Error> {
		let private_key = pem::parse(pem_str)._err()?;
		Self::try_from(private_key.contents())
	}

	/// Obtains the key pair from a DER formatted key
	/// using the specified [`SignatureAlgorithm`]
	///
	/// The key must be a DER-encoded plaintext private key; as specified in PKCS #8/RFC 5958;
	///
	/// Appears as "PRIVATE KEY" in PEM files
	/// Same as [from_pkcs8_pem_and_sign_algo](Self::from_pkcs8_pem_and_sign_algo).
	#[cfg(all(feature = "pem", feature = "crypto"))]
	pub fn from_pkcs8_pem_and_sign_algo(
		pem_str: &str,
		alg: &'static SignatureAlgorithm,
	) -> Result<Self, Error> {
		let private_key = pem::parse(pem_str)._err()?;
		let private_key_der: &[_] = private_key.contents();
		Self::from_pkcs8_der_and_sign_algo(&PrivatePkcs8KeyDer::from(private_key_der), alg)
	}

	/// Obtains the key pair from a DER formatted key using the specified [`SignatureAlgorithm`]
	///
	/// If you have a [`PrivatePkcs8KeyDer`], you can usually rely on the [`TryFrom`] implementation
	/// to obtain a [`KeyPair`] -- it will determine the correct [`SignatureAlgorithm`] for you.
	/// However, sometimes multiple signature algorithms fit for the same DER key. In those instances,
	/// you can use this function to precisely specify the `SignatureAlgorithm`.
	///
	/// [`rustls_pemfile::private_key()`] is often used to obtain a [`PrivateKeyDer`] from PEM
	/// input. If the obtained [`PrivateKeyDer`] is a `Pkcs8` variant, you can use its contents
	/// as input for this function. Alternatively, if you already have a byte slice containing DER,
	/// it can trivially be converted into [`PrivatePkcs8KeyDer`] using the [`Into`] trait.
	///
	/// [`rustls_pemfile::private_key()`]: https://docs.rs/rustls-pemfile/latest/rustls_pemfile/fn.private_key.html
	/// [`PrivateKeyDer`]: https://docs.rs/rustls-pki-types/latest/rustls_pki_types/enum.PrivateKeyDer.html
	#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
	pub fn from_pkcs8_der_and_sign_algo(
		pkcs8: &PrivatePkcs8KeyDer<'_>,
		alg: &'static SignatureAlgorithm,
	) -> Result<Self, Error> {
		let rng = &SystemRandom::new();
		let serialized_der = pkcs8.secret_pkcs8_der().to_vec();

		let kind = if alg == &PKCS_ED25519 {
			KeyPairKind::Ed(Ed25519KeyPair::from_pkcs8_maybe_unchecked(&serialized_der)._err()?)
		} else if alg == &PKCS_ECDSA_P256_SHA256 {
			KeyPairKind::Ec(ecdsa_from_pkcs8(
				&signature::ECDSA_P256_SHA256_ASN1_SIGNING,
				&serialized_der,
				rng,
			)?)
		} else if alg == &PKCS_ECDSA_P384_SHA384 {
			KeyPairKind::Ec(ecdsa_from_pkcs8(
				&signature::ECDSA_P384_SHA384_ASN1_SIGNING,
				&serialized_der,
				rng,
			)?)
		} else if alg == &PKCS_RSA_SHA256 {
			let rsakp = RsaKeyPair::from_pkcs8(&serialized_der)._err()?;
			KeyPairKind::Rsa(rsakp, &signature::RSA_PKCS1_SHA256)
		} else if alg == &PKCS_RSA_SHA384 {
			let rsakp = RsaKeyPair::from_pkcs8(&serialized_der)._err()?;
			KeyPairKind::Rsa(rsakp, &signature::RSA_PKCS1_SHA384)
		} else if alg == &PKCS_RSA_SHA512 {
			let rsakp = RsaKeyPair::from_pkcs8(&serialized_der)._err()?;
			KeyPairKind::Rsa(rsakp, &signature::RSA_PKCS1_SHA512)
		} else if alg == &PKCS_RSA_PSS_SHA256 {
			let rsakp = RsaKeyPair::from_pkcs8(&serialized_der)._err()?;
			KeyPairKind::Rsa(rsakp, &signature::RSA_PSS_SHA256)
		} else {
			#[cfg(feature = "aws_lc_rs")]
			if alg == &PKCS_ECDSA_P521_SHA256 {
				KeyPairKind::Ec(ecdsa_from_pkcs8(
					&signature::ECDSA_P521_SHA256_ASN1_SIGNING,
					&serialized_der,
					rng,
				)?)
			} else if alg == &PKCS_ECDSA_P521_SHA384 {
				KeyPairKind::Ec(ecdsa_from_pkcs8(
					&signature::ECDSA_P521_SHA384_ASN1_SIGNING,
					&serialized_der,
					rng,
				)?)
			} else if alg == &PKCS_ECDSA_P521_SHA512 {
				KeyPairKind::Ec(ecdsa_from_pkcs8(
					&signature::ECDSA_P521_SHA512_ASN1_SIGNING,
					&serialized_der,
					rng,
				)?)
			} else {
				panic!("Unknown SignatureAlgorithm specified!");
			}

			#[cfg(all(feature = "ring", not(feature = "aws_lc_rs")))]
			panic!("Unknown SignatureAlgorithm specified!");
		};

		Ok(KeyPair {
			kind,
			alg,
			serialized_der,
		})
	}

	/// Obtains the key pair from a PEM formatted key
	/// using the specified [`SignatureAlgorithm`]
	///
	/// If `aws_lc_rs` feature is used, then the key must be a DER-encoded plaintext private key; as specified in PKCS #8/RFC 5958, SEC1/RFC 5915, or PKCS#1/RFC 3447;
	/// Appears as "PRIVATE KEY", "RSA PRIVATE KEY", or "EC PRIVATE KEY" in PEM files.
	///
	/// Otherwise if the `ring` feature is used, then the key must be a DER-encoded plaintext private key; as specified in PKCS #8/RFC 5958;
	/// Appears as "PRIVATE KEY" in PEM files.
	///
	/// Same as [from_pem_and_sign_algo](Self::from_pem_and_sign_algo).
	#[cfg(all(feature = "pem", feature = "crypto"))]
	pub fn from_pem_and_sign_algo(
		pem_str: &str,
		alg: &'static SignatureAlgorithm,
	) -> Result<Self, Error> {
		let private_key = pem::parse(pem_str)._err()?;
		let private_key: &[_] = private_key.contents();
		Self::from_der_and_sign_algo(
			&PrivateKeyDer::try_from(private_key).map_err(|_| Error::CouldNotParseKeyPair)?,
			alg,
		)
	}

	/// Obtains the key pair from a DER formatted key
	/// using the specified [`SignatureAlgorithm`]
	///
	/// Note that using the `ring` feature, this function only support [`PrivateKeyDer::Pkcs8`] variant.
	/// Consider using the `aws_lc_rs` features to support [`PrivateKeyDer`] fully.
	///
	/// If you have a [`PrivateKeyDer`], you can usually rely on the [`TryFrom`] implementation
	/// to obtain a [`KeyPair`] -- it will determine the correct [`SignatureAlgorithm`] for you.
	/// However, sometimes multiple signature algorithms fit for the same DER key. In those instances,
	/// you can use this function to precisely specify the `SignatureAlgorithm`.
	///
	/// You can use [`rustls_pemfile::private_key`] to get the `key` input. If
	/// you have already a byte slice, just calling `try_into()` will convert it to a [`PrivateKeyDer`].
	///
	/// [`rustls_pemfile::private_key`]: https://docs.rs/rustls-pemfile/latest/rustls_pemfile/fn.private_key.html
	#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
	pub fn from_der_and_sign_algo(
		key: &PrivateKeyDer<'_>,
		alg: &'static SignatureAlgorithm,
	) -> Result<Self, Error> {
		#[cfg(all(feature = "ring", not(feature = "aws_lc_rs")))]
		{
			if let PrivateKeyDer::Pkcs8(key) = key {
				Self::from_pkcs8_der_and_sign_algo(key, alg)
			} else {
				Err(Error::CouldNotParseKeyPair)
			}
		}
		#[cfg(feature = "aws_lc_rs")]
		{
			let is_pkcs8 = matches!(key, PrivateKeyDer::Pkcs8(_));

			let rsa_key_pair_from = if is_pkcs8 {
				RsaKeyPair::from_pkcs8
			} else {
				RsaKeyPair::from_der
			};

			let serialized_der = key.secret_der().to_vec();

			let kind = if alg == &PKCS_ED25519 {
				KeyPairKind::Ed(Ed25519KeyPair::from_pkcs8_maybe_unchecked(&serialized_der)._err()?)
			} else if alg == &PKCS_ECDSA_P256_SHA256 {
				KeyPairKind::Ec(ecdsa_from_private_key_der(
					&signature::ECDSA_P256_SHA256_ASN1_SIGNING,
					&serialized_der,
				)?)
			} else if alg == &PKCS_ECDSA_P384_SHA384 {
				KeyPairKind::Ec(ecdsa_from_private_key_der(
					&signature::ECDSA_P384_SHA384_ASN1_SIGNING,
					&serialized_der,
				)?)
			} else if alg == &PKCS_ECDSA_P521_SHA512 {
				KeyPairKind::Ec(ecdsa_from_private_key_der(
					&signature::ECDSA_P521_SHA512_ASN1_SIGNING,
					&serialized_der,
				)?)
			} else if alg == &PKCS_RSA_SHA256 {
				let rsakp = rsa_key_pair_from(&serialized_der)._err()?;
				KeyPairKind::Rsa(rsakp, &signature::RSA_PKCS1_SHA256)
			} else if alg == &PKCS_RSA_SHA384 {
				let rsakp = rsa_key_pair_from(&serialized_der)._err()?;
				KeyPairKind::Rsa(rsakp, &signature::RSA_PKCS1_SHA384)
			} else if alg == &PKCS_RSA_SHA512 {
				let rsakp = rsa_key_pair_from(&serialized_der)._err()?;
				KeyPairKind::Rsa(rsakp, &signature::RSA_PKCS1_SHA512)
			} else if alg == &PKCS_RSA_PSS_SHA256 {
				let rsakp = rsa_key_pair_from(&serialized_der)._err()?;
				KeyPairKind::Rsa(rsakp, &signature::RSA_PSS_SHA256)
			} else {
				panic!("Unknown SignatureAlgorithm specified!");
			};

			Ok(KeyPair {
				kind,
				alg,
				serialized_der,
			})
		}
	}

	/// Get the raw public key of this key pair
	///
	/// The key is in raw format, as how [`KeyPair::public_key()`][public_key]
	/// would output, and how [`UnparsedPublicKey::verify()`][verify]
	/// would accept.
	///
	/// [public_key]: crate::ring_like::signature::KeyPair::public_key()
	/// [verify]: crate::ring_like::signature::UnparsedPublicKey::verify()
	pub fn public_key_raw(&self) -> &[u8] {
		self.der_bytes()
	}

	/// Check if this key pair can be used with the given signature algorithm
	pub fn is_compatible(&self, signature_algorithm: &SignatureAlgorithm) -> bool {
		self.alg == signature_algorithm
	}

	/// Returns (possibly multiple) compatible [`SignatureAlgorithm`]'s
	/// that the key can be used with
	pub fn compatible_algs(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = &'static SignatureAlgorithm> {
		std::iter::once(self.alg)
	}

	/// Return the key pair's public key in PEM format
	///
	/// The returned string can be interpreted with `openssl pkey --inform PEM -pubout -pubin -text`
	#[cfg(feature = "pem")]
	pub fn public_key_pem(&self) -> String {
		let contents = self.subject_public_key_info();
		let p = Pem::new("PUBLIC KEY", contents);
		pem::encode_config(&p, ENCODE_CONFIG)
	}

	/// Serializes the key pair (including the private key) in PKCS#8 format in DER
	pub fn serialize_der(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
		self.serialized_der.clone()
	}

	/// Returns a reference to the serialized key pair (including the private key)
	/// in PKCS#8 format in DER
	pub fn serialized_der(&self) -> &[u8] {
		&self.serialized_der
	}

	/// Serializes the key pair (including the private key) in PKCS#8 format in PEM
	#[cfg(feature = "pem")]
	pub fn serialize_pem(&self) -> String {
		let contents = self.serialize_der();
		let p = Pem::new("PRIVATE KEY", contents);
		pem::encode_config(&p, ENCODE_CONFIG)
	}
}

#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
impl SigningKey for KeyPair {
	fn sign(&self, msg: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
		Ok(match &self.kind {
			KeyPairKind::Ec(kp) => {
				let system_random = SystemRandom::new();
				let signature = kp.sign(&system_random, msg)._err()?;
				signature.as_ref().to_owned()
			},
			KeyPairKind::Ed(kp) => kp.sign(msg).as_ref().to_owned(),
			#[cfg(all(feature = "aws_lc_rs_unstable", not(feature = "fips")))]
			KeyPairKind::Pq(kp) => {
				let mut signature = vec![0; kp.algorithm().signature_len()];
				kp.sign(msg, &mut signature)._err()?;
				signature
			},
			KeyPairKind::Rsa(kp, padding_alg) => {
				let system_random = SystemRandom::new();
				let mut signature = vec![0; rsa_key_pair_public_modulus_len(kp)];
				kp.sign(*padding_alg, &system_random, msg, &mut signature)
					._err()?;
				signature
			},
		})
	}
}

#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
impl PublicKeyData for KeyPair {
	fn der_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
		match &self.kind {
			KeyPairKind::Ec(kp) => kp.public_key().as_ref(),
			KeyPairKind::Ed(kp) => kp.public_key().as_ref(),
			#[cfg(all(feature = "aws_lc_rs_unstable", not(feature = "fips")))]
			KeyPairKind::Pq(kp) => kp.public_key().as_ref(),
			KeyPairKind::Rsa(kp, _) => kp.public_key().as_ref(),
		}
	}

	fn algorithm(&self) -> &'static SignatureAlgorithm {
		self.alg
	}
}

#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
impl TryFrom<&[u8]> for KeyPair {
	type Error = Error;

	fn try_from(key: &[u8]) -> Result<KeyPair, Error> {
		let key = &PrivateKeyDer::try_from(key).map_err(|_| Error::CouldNotParseKeyPair)?;

		key.try_into()
	}
}

#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
impl TryFrom<Vec<u8>> for KeyPair {
	type Error = Error;

	fn try_from(key: Vec<u8>) -> Result<KeyPair, Error> {
		let key = &PrivateKeyDer::try_from(key).map_err(|_| Error::CouldNotParseKeyPair)?;

		key.try_into()
	}
}

#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
impl TryFrom<&PrivatePkcs8KeyDer<'_>> for KeyPair {
	type Error = Error;

	fn try_from(key: &PrivatePkcs8KeyDer) -> Result<KeyPair, Error> {
		key.secret_pkcs8_der().try_into()
	}
}

#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
impl TryFrom<&PrivateKeyDer<'_>> for KeyPair {
	type Error = Error;

	fn try_from(key: &PrivateKeyDer) -> Result<KeyPair, Error> {
		#[cfg(all(feature = "ring", not(feature = "aws_lc_rs")))]
		let (kind, alg) = {
			let PrivateKeyDer::Pkcs8(pkcs8) = key else {
				return Err(Error::CouldNotParseKeyPair);
			};
			let pkcs8 = pkcs8.secret_pkcs8_der();
			let rng = SystemRandom::new();
			let (kind, alg) = if let Ok(edkp) = Ed25519KeyPair::from_pkcs8_maybe_unchecked(pkcs8) {
				(KeyPairKind::Ed(edkp), &PKCS_ED25519)
			} else if let Ok(eckp) =
				ecdsa_from_pkcs8(&signature::ECDSA_P256_SHA256_ASN1_SIGNING, pkcs8, &rng)
			{
				(KeyPairKind::Ec(eckp), &PKCS_ECDSA_P256_SHA256)
			} else if let Ok(eckp) =
				ecdsa_from_pkcs8(&signature::ECDSA_P384_SHA384_ASN1_SIGNING, pkcs8, &rng)
			{
				(KeyPairKind::Ec(eckp), &PKCS_ECDSA_P384_SHA384)
			} else if let Ok(rsakp) = RsaKeyPair::from_pkcs8(pkcs8) {
				(
					KeyPairKind::Rsa(rsakp, &signature::RSA_PKCS1_SHA256),
					&PKCS_RSA_SHA256,
				)
			} else {
				return Err(Error::CouldNotParseKeyPair);
			};

			(kind, alg)
		};
		#[cfg(feature = "aws_lc_rs")]
		let (kind, alg) = {
			let is_pkcs8 = matches!(key, PrivateKeyDer::Pkcs8(_));

			let key = key.secret_der();

			let rsa_key_pair_from = if is_pkcs8 {
				RsaKeyPair::from_pkcs8
			} else {
				RsaKeyPair::from_der
			};

			let (kind, alg) = if let Ok(edkp) = Ed25519KeyPair::from_pkcs8_maybe_unchecked(key) {
				(KeyPairKind::Ed(edkp), &PKCS_ED25519)
			} else if let Ok(eckp) =
				ecdsa_from_private_key_der(&signature::ECDSA_P256_SHA256_ASN1_SIGNING, key)
			{
				(KeyPairKind::Ec(eckp), &PKCS_ECDSA_P256_SHA256)
			} else if let Ok(eckp) =
				ecdsa_from_private_key_der(&signature::ECDSA_P384_SHA384_ASN1_SIGNING, key)
			{
				(KeyPairKind::Ec(eckp), &PKCS_ECDSA_P384_SHA384)
			} else if let Ok(eckp) =
				ecdsa_from_private_key_der(&signature::ECDSA_P521_SHA512_ASN1_SIGNING, key)
			{
				(KeyPairKind::Ec(eckp), &PKCS_ECDSA_P521_SHA512)
			} else if let Ok(rsakp) = rsa_key_pair_from(key) {
				(
					KeyPairKind::Rsa(rsakp, &signature::RSA_PKCS1_SHA256),
					&PKCS_RSA_SHA256,
				)
			} else {
				return Err(Error::CouldNotParseKeyPair);
			};
			(kind, alg)
		};

		Ok(KeyPair {
			kind,
			alg,
			serialized_der: key.secret_der().into(),
		})
	}
}

#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
impl From<KeyPair> for PrivatePkcs8KeyDer<'static> {
	fn from(val: KeyPair) -> Self {
		val.serialize_der().into()
	}
}

#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
impl From<KeyPair> for PrivateKeyDer<'static> {
	fn from(val: KeyPair) -> Self {
		Self::from(PrivatePkcs8KeyDer::from(val))
	}
}

/// The key size used for RSA key generation
#[cfg(all(feature = "crypto", feature = "aws_lc_rs"))]
#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
#[non_exhaustive]
pub enum RsaKeySize {
	/// 2048 bits
	_2048,
	/// 3072 bits
	_3072,
	/// 4096 bits
	_4096,
}

pub(crate) fn sign_der(
	key: &impl SigningKey,
	f: impl FnOnce(&mut DERWriterSeq<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>,
) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
	yasna::try_construct_der(|writer| {
		writer.write_sequence(|writer| {
			let data = yasna::try_construct_der(|writer| writer.write_sequence(f))?;
			writer.next().write_der(&data);

			// Write signatureAlgorithm
			key.algorithm().write_alg_ident(writer.next());

			// Write signature
			let sig = key.sign(&data)?;
			let writer = writer.next();
			writer.write_bitvec_bytes(&sig, sig.len() * 8);

			Ok(())
		})
	})
}

impl<S: SigningKey + ?Sized> SigningKey for &S {
	fn sign(&self, msg: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error> {
		(*self).sign(msg)
	}
}

/// A key that can be used to sign messages
pub trait SigningKey: PublicKeyData {
	/// Signs `msg` using the selected algorithm
	fn sign(&self, msg: &[u8]) -> Result<Vec<u8>, Error>;
}

#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
impl<T> ExternalError<T> for Result<T, ring_error::KeyRejected> {
	fn _err(self) -> Result<T, Error> {
		self.map_err(|e| Error::RingKeyRejected(e.to_string()))
	}
}

#[cfg(feature = "crypto")]
impl<T> ExternalError<T> for Result<T, ring_error::Unspecified> {
	fn _err(self) -> Result<T, Error> {
		self.map_err(|_| Error::RingUnspecified)
	}
}

#[cfg(feature = "pem")]
impl<T> ExternalError<T> for Result<T, pem::PemError> {
	fn _err(self) -> Result<T, Error> {
		self.map_err(|e| Error::PemError(e.to_string()))
	}
}

/// A public key
#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
pub struct SubjectPublicKeyInfo {
	pub(crate) alg: &'static SignatureAlgorithm,
	pub(crate) subject_public_key: Vec<u8>,
}

impl SubjectPublicKeyInfo {
	/// Create a `SubjectPublicKey` value from a PEM-encoded SubjectPublicKeyInfo string
	#[cfg(all(feature = "x509-parser", feature = "pem"))]
	pub fn from_pem(pem_str: &str) -> Result<Self, Error> {
		Self::from_der(&pem::parse(pem_str)._err()?.into_contents())
	}

	/// Create a `SubjectPublicKey` value from DER-encoded SubjectPublicKeyInfo bytes
	#[cfg(feature = "x509-parser")]
	pub fn from_der(spki_der: &[u8]) -> Result<Self, Error> {
		use x509_parser::prelude::FromDer;
		use x509_parser::x509::{AlgorithmIdentifier, SubjectPublicKeyInfo};

		let (rem, spki) =
			SubjectPublicKeyInfo::from_der(spki_der).map_err(|e| Error::X509(e.to_string()))?;
		if !rem.is_empty() {
			return Err(Error::X509(
				"trailing bytes in SubjectPublicKeyInfo".to_string(),
			));
		}

		let alg = SignatureAlgorithm::iter()
			.find(|alg| {
				let bytes = yasna::construct_der(|writer| {
					alg.write_oids_sign_alg(writer);
				});
				let Ok((rest, aid)) = AlgorithmIdentifier::from_der(&bytes) else {
					return false;
				};
				if !rest.is_empty() {
					return false;
				}
				aid == spki.algorithm
			})
			.ok_or(Error::UnsupportedSignatureAlgorithm)?;

		Ok(Self {
			alg,
			subject_public_key: Vec::from(spki.subject_public_key.as_ref()),
		})
	}
}

impl PublicKeyData for SubjectPublicKeyInfo {
	fn der_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
		&self.subject_public_key
	}

	fn algorithm(&self) -> &'static SignatureAlgorithm {
		self.alg
	}
}

impl<K: PublicKeyData + ?Sized> PublicKeyData for &K {
	fn der_bytes(&self) -> &[u8] {
		(*self).der_bytes()
	}

	fn algorithm(&self) -> &'static SignatureAlgorithm {
		(*self).algorithm()
	}
}

/// The public key data of a key pair
pub trait PublicKeyData {
	/// The public key data in DER format
	///
	/// The key is formatted according to the X.509 SubjectPublicKeyInfo struct.
	/// See [RFC 5280 section 4.1](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5280#section-4.1).
	fn subject_public_key_info(&self) -> Vec<u8> {
		yasna::construct_der(|writer| serialize_public_key_der(self, writer))
	}

	/// The public key in DER format
	fn der_bytes(&self) -> &[u8];

	/// The algorithm used by the key pair
	fn algorithm(&self) -> &'static SignatureAlgorithm;
}

pub(crate) fn serialize_public_key_der(key: &(impl PublicKeyData + ?Sized), writer: DERWriter) {
	writer.write_sequence(|writer| {
		key.algorithm().write_oids_sign_alg(writer.next());
		let pk = key.der_bytes();
		writer.next().write_bitvec_bytes(pk, pk.len() * 8);
	})
}

#[cfg(all(test, feature = "crypto"))]
mod test {
	use super::*;
	use crate::ring_like::rand::SystemRandom;
	use crate::ring_like::signature::{EcdsaKeyPair, ECDSA_P256_SHA256_FIXED_SIGNING};

	#[cfg(all(feature = "x509-parser", feature = "pem"))]
	#[test]
	fn test_subject_public_key_parsing() {
		for alg in [
			&PKCS_ED25519,
			&PKCS_ECDSA_P256_SHA256,
			&PKCS_ECDSA_P384_SHA384,
			#[cfg(feature = "aws_lc_rs")]
			&PKCS_ECDSA_P521_SHA512,
			#[cfg(feature = "aws_lc_rs")]
			&PKCS_RSA_SHA256,
		] {
			let kp = KeyPair::generate_for(alg).expect("keygen");
			let pem = kp.public_key_pem();
			let der = kp.subject_public_key_info();

			let pkd_pem = SubjectPublicKeyInfo::from_pem(&pem).expect("from pem");
			assert_eq!(kp.der_bytes(), pkd_pem.der_bytes());

			let pkd_der = SubjectPublicKeyInfo::from_der(&der).expect("from der");
			assert_eq!(kp.der_bytes(), pkd_der.der_bytes());
		}
	}

	#[test]
	fn test_algorithm() {
		let rng = SystemRandom::new();
		let pkcs8 = EcdsaKeyPair::generate_pkcs8(&ECDSA_P256_SHA256_FIXED_SIGNING, &rng).unwrap();
		let der = pkcs8.as_ref().to_vec();

		let key_pair = KeyPair::try_from(der).unwrap();
		assert_eq!(key_pair.algorithm(), &PKCS_ECDSA_P256_SHA256);
	}
}